Articles
Augmenting complex and dynamic performance through mindfulness-based cognitive training: an investigation of on-task EEG dynamics
bioRxiv – July 29, 2024
Summary
Engaging in mindfulness-based cognitive training not only enhances performance but also reveals intriguing brain activity patterns. In a study involving 40 participants, EEG recordings during a complex task showed that while mindfulness improved task performance, the expected changes in brain dynamics were less clear. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between mindfulness and cognitive function.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based cognitive training exhibits great propensity for improving cognitive performance across a range of contexts. However, the neuroph...
THE USE OF COMPLEMENTARY PRACTICES BY PATIENTS UNDERGOING MEDICALLY ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: The place of Chinese medicine and related practices
medRxiv – July 26, 2024
Summary
Infertility can be complex, and while assisted reproductive technologies have advanced, success rates remain modest. Many women turn to complementary practices like Chinese medicine to enhance their chances. This study highlights the positive impact of these methods, showing potential benefits for those undergoing treatment.
Abstract
Purpose Infertility is associated with different factors, highly intricated but sometimes ill-defined. Despite the significant recent technological...
Enhancing the Positive Predictive Value of EGD for Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus Through EsoGuard® Triage
medRxiv – July 26, 2024
Summary
Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to esophageal cancer, often goes undetected due to low screening rates. A new DNA test, EsoGuard, used with a non-invasive cell collection device, improves the accuracy of endoscopic evaluations. This approach enhances diagnosis rates while conserving valuable endoscopy resources.
Abstract
Background Guidelines support Barrett’s esophagus (BE) screening, but most eligible patients do not undergo endoscopic evaluation; non-endoscopic s...
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Bursts of rapid diversification, dispersals out of southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus
bioRxiv – July 25, 2024
Summary
Asparagus showcases a fascinating evolution, with separate sexes appearing around 3-4 million years ago. A comprehensive analysis of its genetic makeup reveals two distinct origins of dioecy linked to expansion from southern Africa. This research highlights bursts of diversification and sheds light on the domestication of garden asparagus in western Asia.
Abstract
The genus Asparagus arose approximately 9–15 million years ago (Ma) and transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy (separate sexes) occurred ∼3–4 M...
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Molecular insights into the modulation of the 5HT2A receptor by serotonin, psilocin, and the G protein subunit Gqα
bioRxiv – July 23, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocin and serotonin interact with the 5HT2A receptor, crucial for brain function and mental health treatments. This study reveals how these substances bind more effectively to specific sites on the receptor. The findings suggest new ways to design drugs that could enhance treatment for mental disorders by targeting unique receptor shapes.
Abstract
The 5HT2A receptor (5HT2AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that drives many neuronal functions and is one of the primary targets for psychedelic d...
CB-1 receptor agonist drastically changes oscillatory activity, defining active sleep
bioRxiv – July 18, 2024
Summary
Cannabis can significantly reshape sleep patterns, revealing its complex effects on the brain. In a study, activating the cannabis-1 receptor altered brain oscillations during sleep, lengthening intermediate sleep and disrupting rapid eye movement sleep. These changes highlight how cannabis influences memory and cognition, shedding light on its dual impact on mental health.
Abstract
Brain oscillations in different behavioral states are essential for cognition, and oscillopathies contribute to cognitive dysfunction in neuro-psyc...
Immersive exposure to simulated visual hallucinations modulates high-level human cognition
bioRxiv – July 17, 2024
Summary
Immersive experiences using virtual reality can enhance cognitive flexibility, as shown by a study where participants exposed to simulated visual hallucinations performed better on task-switching activities. While language tasks showed no differences, drawing skills improved, highlighting how altered perceptions can positively influence high-level thinking.
Abstract
Understanding altered states of consciousness induced by psychedelic drugs is crucial for advancing our knowledge of conscious perception and devel...
Hypnotherapy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
medRxiv – July 15, 2024
Summary
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a pressing global health issue, especially heightened post-pandemic. This review explores hypnotherapy as a potential treatment, analyzing various clinical trials. Results suggest that while hypnosis may help reduce depression severity, the evidence is currently too limited for formal recommendations. No significant side effects were noted, highlighting its safety.
Abstract
Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most debilitating diseases worldwide and has seen a significant increase in diagnoses d...
Connectome predictive modeling of trait mindfulness
bioRxiv – July 09, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness, the ability to focus on the present moment without judgment, is linked to better mental health. This study explores how brain connectivity relates to this trait. Using advanced imaging techniques, researchers found specific brain networks tied to mindfulness. These insights could enhance our understanding of mental well-being.
Abstract
Introduction Trait mindfulness refers to one’s disposition or tendency to pay attention to their experiences in the present moment, in a non-judgme...
A lasting impact of serotonergic psychedelics on visual processing and behavior
bioRxiv – July 03, 2024
Summary
Recent findings reveal that serotonergic psychedelics, like psilocybin and LSD, can enhance visual processing even weeks after use. Participants showed slower responses and greater brain involvement in visual tasks, indicating a shift from top-down to bottom-up processing. This lasting effect suggests potential benefits for cognitive and perceptual therapies.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) have shown potential for treating psychiatric disorders, with therapeutic effects lasting weeks after ...
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Neural correlates of nightmares revisited: findings from large-scale fMRI cohorts
bioRxiv – July 02, 2024
Summary
Nightmares can significantly impact daily life and mental health. This study explored how often nightmares occur and their connection to brain activity, particularly between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which helps regulate emotions. Findings from large groups confirmed that increased nightmare frequency is linked to distinct patterns of brain connectivity, shedding light on the neurological underpinnings of these distressing experiences.
Abstract
Study Objectives Nightmares are linked to daytime distress and psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, knowledge about the brain regions i...
PFHpA alters lipid metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in youth—a translational research framework
medRxiv – July 01, 2024
Summary
Recent findings reveal that a common chemical, PFHpA, may significantly increase liver disease risk in obese adolescents. By studying its effects on liver cells, researchers uncovered how PFHpA disrupts lipid metabolism, leading to fatty liver conditions. This innovative approach not only identifies at-risk individuals but also guides prevention strategies.
Abstract
To address the growing epidemic of liver disease, particularly in pediatric populations, it is crucial to identify modifiable risk factors for the ...
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A Drug-Elicitable Alternative-Splicing Module (DreAM) for Tunable AAV Expression and Controlled Myocardial Regeneration
bioRxiv – July 01, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking approach allows precise control over gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV). By employing a drug, risdiplam, researchers created a system that fine-tunes AAV expression, boosting cardiac regeneration significantly. This method enhances safety and efficacy, offering new hope for treating heart injuries effectively.
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a major vector for gene therapy. A technique to fine-tune the time and level of AAV expression is lacking, which gr...
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Dynamic functional connectivity correlates of trait mindfulness in early adolescence
bioRxiv – July 01, 2024
Summary
Adolescents with higher trait mindfulness show unique patterns of brain connectivity, linked to reduced anxiety and depression. By examining brain activity in young individuals, researchers found that certain connectivity states are consistently associated with mindfulness. These insights could enhance our understanding of mental health during this critical developmental stage.
Abstract
Background Trait mindfulness, the tendency to attend to present-moment experiences without judgement, is negatively correlated with adolescent anxi...
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Metagenomic global survey and in-depth genomic analyses of Ruminococcus gnavus reveal differences across host lifestyle and health status
bioRxiv – June 27, 2024
Summary
Ruminococcus gnavus, a common gut bacterium found in over 90% of healthy people, shows intriguing variations linked to lifestyle and health. A large survey revealed its higher presence in Western populations and infants. Genomic analysis distinguished strains from healthy individuals versus those with Crohn’s disease, highlighting their unique genetic traits. This extensive research enhances our understanding of gut health and disease connections.
Abstract
Ruminococcus gnavus is a highly prevalent gut bacterium (present in >90% of healthy individuals), of which increased abundance is associated with c...
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A human-specific, concerted repression of microcephaly genes contributes to radiation-induced growth defects in forebrain organoids
bioRxiv – June 27, 2024
Summary
Prenatal radiation can significantly hinder brain development, leading to conditions like microcephaly. By using human-derived brain organoids, researchers found that radiation exposure causes size reduction and premature differentiation in younger organoids. They identified a unique human response involving specific gene repression, offering insights for potential interventions.
Abstract
Prenatal radiation-induced DNA damage poses a significant threat to normal brain development, resulting in microcephaly which primarily affects the...
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Dynamic Human Gut Microbiome and Immune Shifts During an Immersive Psychosocial Therapeutic Program
bioRxiv – June 26, 2024
Summary
Engaging in a psychosocial therapeutic program can positively transform both gut health and immune function. This study found that participants experienced significant shifts in their gut microbiome and immune responses during the program, suggesting that mental well-being may be closely linked to physical health.
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide yet its underlying factors, particularly microbial associations, are poorly unders...
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Process Mining/Deep Learning Model to Predict Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
medRxiv – June 26, 2024
Summary
Coronary artery disease poses a significant mortality risk, ranking as the third leading cause of death globally. A novel predictive framework utilizing deep learning shows promise in improving mortality predictions for these patients. By analyzing medical history and demographics, it achieved an impressive accuracy score, aiding healthcare teams in enhancing patient care and potentially extending lives.
Abstract
Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are at high risk of death. CAD is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, there is a l...
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Circadian clock disruption engages the DREAM complex in suppressing cellular health
bioRxiv – June 26, 2024
Summary
Disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms can harm cellular health, but a newly identified mechanism offers hope. Researchers found that the DREAM complex, activated by clock dysfunction, suppresses vital cellular processes. Targeting DREAM restores balance in cells, presenting a promising avenue for improving health amid ongoing circadian challenges.
Abstract
Circadian clock disruption and lack of sleep impair health of cells and organs, but mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we used multi-omics, molecular...
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Striking Long Term Beneficial Effects of Single Dose Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract in the SAPAP3 Rodent Model of OCD-Like Excessive Self-Grooming
bioRxiv – June 25, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin or psychedelic mushroom extract significantly reduced excessive self-grooming and anxiety in a rodent model resembling OCD. Treated mice showed lasting improvements, with effects persisting for weeks. These promising results highlight the potential of psychedelics as innovative therapies for OCD.
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more of people...
Use of the EsoGuard® Molecular Biomarker Test in Non-Endoscopic Detection of Barrett’s Esophagus among High-Risk Individuals in a Screening Population
medRxiv – June 24, 2024
Summary
Barrett's Esophagus can lead to serious health issues, yet early detection is challenging. This study highlights the EsoGuard test, which effectively identifies high-risk individuals for Barrett’s Esophagus without invasive procedures. Using a non-endoscopic approach, it demonstrated strong performance and safety, offering a promising screening tool for those with chronic reflux and additional risk factors.
Abstract
Background and Aims Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to assess performance, safety, and toler...
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Highly effective verified lucid dream induction using combined cognitive-sensory training and wearable EEG: a multi-centre study
bioRxiv – June 21, 2024
Summary
Imagine being able to control your dreams. This study reveals that a combination of cognitive-sensory training and EEG monitoring can significantly enhance the likelihood of lucid dreaming. In a multi-center trial, 65% of participants in the Netherlands achieved verified lucid dreams, showcasing a promising method for dream exploration and control.
Abstract
The state of becoming aware that one is dreaming within an ongoing dream, referred to as lucid dreaming (LD), can occur spontaneously. Yet, since t...
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Ketamine-Induced Unresponsiveness Shows a Harmonic Shift from Global to Localised Functional Organisation
bioRxiv – June 20, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, even in low doses, shifts brain activity from a broad, global organization to more focused, localized patterns. By analyzing brain scans during ketamine-induced unresponsiveness, researchers found this state resembles psychedelic experiences rather than traditional sedation. This insight could enhance our understanding of consciousness and perception.
Abstract
Ketamine is classified as a dissociative anaesthetic that, in sub-anaesthetic doses, can produce an altered state of consciousness characterised by...
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A Cell-Permeable Fluorescent Probe Reveals Temporally Diverse PI(4,5)P2 Dynamics Evoked by Distinct GPCR Agonists in Neurons
bioRxiv – June 17, 2024
Summary
Lipids, essential for cell membranes, play a crucial role in how cells respond to signals. A new fluorescent sensor can now track the dynamics of a key lipid, PI(4,5)P2, in real-time within living neurons. This study found that hallucinogenic substances affect PI(4,5)P2 levels differently than non-hallucinogenic ones, offering insights into neuronal signaling.
Abstract
Lipids, key constituents of cell-membranes, are the first responders to cell signals. At the crux of spatiotemporal dynamics of lipid-signaling res...
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
medRxiv – June 16, 2024
Summary
Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from Major Depressive Disorder, with about 30% facing Treatment-Resistant Depression. This research explores the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as a promising alternative. Early findings suggest it could significantly improve mental health for those who haven't responded to traditional treatments.
Abstract
Background Major Depressive Disorder is a global health issue that affects more than 300 million people worldwide, which is about 4.4% of the globa...
Increased 5-HT2A receptor signalling efficacy differentiates serotonergic psychedelics from non-psychedelics
bioRxiv – June 13, 2024
Summary
Recent findings reveal that the effectiveness of 5-HT2A receptor signaling sets psychedelics apart from non-psychedelics. By comparing various compounds, researchers discovered that higher signaling efficacy in psychedelics may explain their unique effects, hinting at promising avenues for treating psychiatric disorders.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Serotonergic psychedelic drugs are under renewed investigation for the potential treatment of several psychiatric disorders....
Co-administration of midazolam and psilocybin: Differential effects on subjective quality versus memory of the psychedelic experience
bioRxiv – June 13, 2024
Summary
Combining psilocybin with midazolam reveals intriguing insights into how our memories shape the benefits of psychedelic experiences. In a study with eight participants, while midazolam impaired memory, it allowed for a conscious experience of psilocybin's profound effects on well-being and insight. This suggests that memory plays a crucial role in the therapeutic impact of psychedelics.
Abstract
Aspects of the acute experience induced by the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin predict symptomatic relief in multiple psychiatric disorders and...
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Promoting psychological health and overall wellness in female Veterans with military sexual trauma through complementary health Interventions: A pilot study
medRxiv – June 11, 2024
Summary
Military Sexual Trauma significantly affects female Veterans, leading to serious health issues. A pilot study explored a multimodal approach combining complementary health interventions to enhance psychological health and overall wellness. Results showed improved mental and physical well-being, offering promising alternatives for treatment acceptance and effectiveness.
Abstract
Introduction Military Sexual Trauma (MST) has been associated with long-term negative outcomes such as increased rates of cardiovascular disease, P...
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Experienced meditators show greater forward travelling cortical alpha wave strengths
bioRxiv – June 09, 2024
Summary
Experienced meditators exhibit stronger forward-traveling cortical alpha waves, suggesting enhanced attention and sensory processing. Using EEG, researchers compared 97 meditators with non-meditators during rest and cognitive tasks. Findings indicate meditation improves brain mechanisms related to focus and reduces mind-wandering, highlighting its positive impact on mental training.
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation involves training attention, commonly towards the current sensory experience, with an attitude of non-judgemental awareness....
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Psychological effects of psychedelics in adolescents
Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry – June 07, 2024
Summary
Adolescents aged 16-24 experienced notable improvements in psychological well-being after using psychedelics, similar to adults. A study found a significant mean change of 3.3 points on a mental health scale weeks post-use. While they reported more challenging experiences, the overall benefits suggest potential for therapeutic use in this age group.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate differences in long-term psychological effects, acute subjective effects, and side effects associated with psychede...